Review Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Frederick Dougla

Review of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, near Hillsborough. He doesn't know for sure of his age, he has seen no proof and his master will not inform him. Most masters prefer for their slaves to stay ignorant. He believes that he was around twenty-seven and twenty-eight when he began writing his narrative - he overheard his master say he was about seventeen years of age during 1835. His mother, Harriet Bailey, was separated from him when he was an infant and she died when he was seven years old. Frederick's father was a white man who could have been his master but he never found out. Education was of utmost importance in his life. He received his first lesson while living with Mr. and Mrs. Auld. Sophia Auld, Frederick's "mistress", was very humane to him and spent time teaching him the A, B, C's. After he mastered this, she assisted him in spelling three and four letter words. At this point in his lesson Mr. Auld encountered what his wife was doing for Frederick and forbid her to continue. He believed that "if you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell" and continuing with "learning would spoil the best nigger in the world". The masters felt that an ignorant slave formed a choice slave and any beneficial learning would damage the slave and therefore be futile to his master. His next step on the road to success was during his seven years living with Master Hugh's family. Frederick would make friends with as many white boys as he possibly could on the street. His new friends would be transformed into teachers. When he could, Frederick carried bread on him as a means of trade to the famished kids for knowledge. He would also carry a book anytime he had an errand to run. The errand would be completed quickly, allowing extra study time. When Frederick was working in Durgin and Bailey's ship-yard he would notice timber marked with various letters. He soon discovered how the letters matched the type of wood and the names of these letters. Any boy he met that could write he would challenge them to a writing contest. Frederick would use the letters he recently learned and told the child to challenge that. He then copied the Italics in Webster's Spelling Book until he knew them well. All this hard work and years of practice gave Frederick the knowledge to write. After his relocation to Mr. Freeland, who was the owner of two slaves, Frederick devoted his Sundays teaching these two and other slaves how to read. Frederick heard the word abolitionists a few times but it wasn't for a while until he found out what it meant. If a slave succeeded in escaping from his Master or performing a radical action such as burning a barn or killing his Master, it was considered to be a form of abolition. One day while running an errand, Frederick ran into two Irishmen hard at work. Frederick assisted the Irishmen and soon after they asked if he was a slave. The men then advised Frederick to ru n away to the north to find friends and freedom. Ever since this encounter he has dreamed of the day he could safely escape. An attempt to carry out his dreams surfaced during his stay with Master Thomas. He did not attempt to escape, however he regrets not doing so since the chances of succeeding are ten times greater from the city than from the country. Anthony, one of Frederick's two masters, was not a humane slaveholder. Frederick was awakened habitually by the sounds of his own aunt being whipped repeatedly because she was caught away for the evening with a man. Slaves, when unhappy, sing songs to help drown their sorrow. Frederick would often sing for this purpose, and not to express his happiness as some slaves also do. The men and women slaves received eight pounds of pork or fish and one bushel of corn meal monthly. On a yearly basis, they received very little along the lines of clothing. The children unable to work in the field Review Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Frederick Dougla Review of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, near Hillsborough. He doesn't know for sure of his age, he has seen no proof and his master will not inform him. Most masters prefer for their slaves to stay ignorant. He believes that he was around twenty-seven and twenty-eight when he began writing his narrative - he overheard his master say he was about seventeen years of age during 1835. His mother, Harriet Bailey, was separated from him when he was an infant and she died when he was seven years old. Frederick's father was a white man who could have been his master but he never found out. Education was of utmost importance in his life. He received his first lesson while living with Mr. and Mrs. Auld. Sophia Auld, Frederick's "mistress", was very humane to him and spent time teaching him the A, B, C's. After he mastered this, she assisted him in spelling three and four letter words. At this point in his lesson Mr. Auld encountered what his wife was doing for Frederick and forbid her to continue. He believed that "if you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell" and continuing with "learning would spoil the best nigger in the world". The masters felt that an ignorant slave formed a choice slave and any beneficial learning would damage the slave and therefore be futile to his master. His next step on the road to success was during his seven years living with Master Hugh's family. Frederick would make friends with as many white boys as he possibly could on the street. His new friends would be transformed into teachers. When he could, Frederick carried bread on him as a means of trade to the famished kids for knowledge. He would also carry a book anytime he had an errand to run. The errand would be completed quickly, allowing extra study time. When Frederick was working in Durgin and Bailey's ship-yard he would notice timber marked with various letters. He soon discovered how the letters matched the type of wood and the names of these letters. Any boy he met that could write he would challenge them to a writing contest. Frederick would use the letters he recently learned and told the child to challenge that. He then copied the Italics in Webster's Spelling Book until he knew them well. All this hard work and years of practice gave Frederick the knowledge to write. After his relocation to Mr. Freeland, who was the owner of two slaves, Frederick devoted his Sundays teaching these two and other slaves how to read. Frederick heard the word abolitionists a few times but it wasn't for a while until he found out what it meant. If a slave succeeded in escaping from his Master or performing a radical action such as burning a barn or killing his Master, it was considered to be a form of abolition. One day while running an errand, Frederick ran into two Irishmen hard at work. Frederick assisted the Irishmen and soon after they asked if he was a slave. The men then advised Frederick to ru n away to the north to find friends and freedom. Ever since this encounter he has dreamed of the day he could safely escape. An attempt to carry out his dreams surfaced during his stay with Master Thomas. He did not attempt to escape, however he regrets not doing so since the chances of succeeding are ten times greater from the city than from the country. Anthony, one of Frederick's two masters, was not a humane slaveholder. Frederick was awakened habitually by the sounds of his own aunt being whipped repeatedly because she was caught away for the evening with a man. Slaves, when unhappy, sing songs to help drown their sorrow. Frederick would often sing for this purpose, and not to express his happiness as some slaves also do. The men and women slaves received eight pounds of pork or fish and one bushel of corn meal monthly. On a yearly basis, they received very little along the lines of clothing. The children unable to work in the field

Project Management Essay Example

Project Management Essay Appraisal of an activity you believe would be Improved by managing as a project; Appraisal of an existing work project you are currently Involved with; or Appraisal of an actively you were Involved with In the past that you believe could have been managed as a project. Assignment report The assignment report should include: a) A brief description of the organizational setting and the project environment to ensure the assignment examiner understands the context in which the project is set. b) An outline of the objectives of the project and the importance of the project to the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer c) A detailed overview and analysis of the use of relevant concepts, tools and techniques involved in project management. This section should comprise the main part of your assignment and should consist of an overview and analysis of the relevant project concepts covered in the subject. At a minimum, there should be a mention of at least the following concepts: How the project should be defined How project times and costs are estimated A discussion of the project plan The management of project risk Resource scheduling Project team issues Project performance management Note that although all of these concepts should be mentioned, some of them may be more important for your particular project than others. In these instances, you should feel free to focus your analysis more heavily on the more important issues as they impact your project. Word count (from the start of the Introduction section to the end of the Conclusion section and not Including figures/charts): 2,745 words The purpose of this paper is to present a project proposal for a new project which was recently allocated to the project management team at the Fussily Medical Systems Company, Sydney, Australia. The reason for the project results from the win of a tender for a four year film/print contract between Fussily Medical and the I-Med Network and is worth $million. This entails the installation of 220 Laser Digital X- Ray Film printers in 147 sites across Australia from Darwin to Hobart and many cities and towns in between. In developing the project proposal, this paper will demonstrate what the project intends to accomplish, how the project will go about accomplishing its objectives and if indeed it is in keeping with the strategic vision of the company and consequently how important it is to the company. In proposing what work has to be done, which is the intent of the proposal, this paper will present a detailed overview and analysis of the use of relevant concepts, tools and techniques involved in project management. Generally speaking, based on the proposal, higher management will make a decision on whether or not to proceed with the project. Once the decision is made and the directive given to proceed with the project, the project plan is developed, refined and executed. Whilst the project plan is not, as far as execution and delivery is concerned, a major part of the brief for this paper some of these aspects will be discussed for completeness. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Companies and Project Environment Medical Systems 6 6 2. 1 Fussily 6 2. 2 The I-Med Network 6 2. 3 The Project Environment, Objectives and Importance of the Project 7 3. The Project Overview and Analysis Cycle 9 9 3. 2 The Project Life 83. 1 Defining the Project 3. 2. 1 The goals and specifications of the project tasks and responsibilities of the project 9 3. 2. 2 10 3. 3 Planning the 11 3. 3. Resource The Project 3. 3. 1 Schedules Scheduling 11 14 3. 3. The Management of Project Risk 3. 3. 5 Project Team Issues Project Performance Management 4. Conclusion Glossary References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 13 3. 3. 3 Estimation of Costs 15 15 3. 3. 6 16 17 18 19 20 Whilst project management was once the domain of the building industry, the methods used there are now also utilized in new product development, event management, larger computer hardware and software installations, major equipment installations and, in any organizational event that is big enough to have a considerable number of demands and variables. Projects have a specified objective o achieve, a start and end point, often require the bringing together of various specialists within the organization who would normally be working individually, are not part of the routine work of the organization and finally, budget, time and performance constraints are integral. Therefore projects are specific entities which require specialized management in the form of a project manager and his or her team. The first part of the process or life cycle of a project is the proposal stage where the project is defined and planned. This paper will concentrate on these aspects of project management. A detailed overview and analysis of the project will ensue so as to show what is required to bring a project together to a successful conclusion. 2 The Companies and Project Environment 2. 1 Fussily Medical Systems A pioneer in imaging, Fussily Medical Systems (FM) was the first company in the world to introduce a digital x-ray diagnostic system in 1983. Besides x-ray imaging equipment, FM also produces and markets endoscopies, ultrasound and medical IT (PASS and IRIS) solutions. FM is a subsidiary company of Fussily Holding Company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. In Australia, the head office is in Brooklet, Sydney. 2 The I-Med Network The I-Med Network or I-Med Radiology Network is a privately owned company and the largest medical imaging network in Australia with 200 clinics covering all major metropolitan areas and significant parts of rural and regional Australia. The group offers all scans and radiology services including X-ray, PET, CT, MR.., Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound, Mammography and International Procedures. 2. 3 The Project Environment, Objectives and Importance of the Project Fussily Medical has been successful in the bid off tender for the supply of 220 X-ray digital laser film printers. The printers will be supplied and installed into 147 sites across Australia at no cost but the I-Med Network has to purchase ten million dollars value of film at a pre-set price for the duration of a four year contract. The sales figures will be monitored volume, the I-Med Network will have to pay back a penalty fee for each meter of film that has not met the target. This fail-safe ensures that Fussily Medical Systems does not lose revenue and ultimately profit on this deal. The first matter, in essence, that is part of the project to be undertaken is the preparation by the FM company solicitors f the I-Med Equipment, Consumables and Support Agreement (the agreement). The agreement outlines all the legal requirements and expectations of the project between the parties, including the maintenance, breakdown and technical support and service level offered. The finalization of the agreement is a critical step and until this is signed and settled by both parties nothing else will proceed. There were two other major companies bidding in this tender namely Gaff Healthcare and Kodak. This deal and therefore the project is important to Fussily Medical for the following reasons: 1 . It will keep competitors from entering into film/print deals with the I-Med network for at least the four years of the contract; 2. At the end of the contract, the l- Med network may choose to continue its association with Fussily and re-contract with new equipment for another term; 3. It offers FM the advantage of being present and having first look-in for value added sales for other equipment like Computed or Digital Radiography image processors or PASS and IRIS (see Glossary); 4. The value of the deal is approximately ten percent of the total revenue for FM during the contract period, consequently it is a deal that cannot be dismissed. Further, as stated by Larson and Gray (2011 p. 23) [s]treated is implemented through projects. Every project should have a clear link to the organizations strategy. Indeed, this project certainly fits in with Fistfuls Medicals mission statement, which is: To be the recognized leader in providing integrated solutions to meet each customers imaging and information needs. Fussily USA website, 2013) 3 The Project Overview and Analysis The Project Management Institute (IMP cited in Larson and Gray 2011, p. 5) defines a project thus: A project is a temporary endeavourer undertaken to create a unique reduce, service or result. Sheehan (2008) tells us that projects are becoming more and more important to organizations and indeed operations, the ongoing activities in a company such as manufacturing and services, whilst necessary, are on the decline. Larson and Gray (2011 p. ) clearly state the major characteristics off project as follows: 1 . An established objective; 2. A defined life span with a beginning and an end; 3. Usually, the involvement of several departments and professionals; 4. Typically, doing something that has never been done before; and 5. Specific time, cost, and reference requirements. The project to be undertaken by Fussily Medical Systems for the I-Med Network certainly encompasses all the above characteristics. The objective has been project is expected to begin on April 1, 2014 and completed by September 30, 2014. This is a time-constrained project. The project will involve the legal, finance and procurement departments, account managers, technical services engineers and electricians, IT specialists, warehousing and logistics and the project manager(s). A project of the scale presented here has never been attempted previously and Hereford requires a high level and precise plan which can be created and executed by a dedicated team. Costs have to be kept too minimum so as not to impact too greatly on gross margins. Performance requirements are expected to be rigorous due to the nature of the installation and penalties to FM will be applied by the I-Med Network for any issues in this regard. Disruption to normal business has to be minimal due to the fact that this project deals with medical imaging clinics where diagnoses are paramount and to reduce any loss of business/revenue for the I-Med Network. 3. 1 The Project Life Cycle Pinto and Prescott, cited in Jujube and MÃ'Ëœleer 2005, tell us [most] project life cycles include phases of conceptualization (sic), planning, execution and termination. The same stages are called defining, planning, executing and closing by Larson and Gray (2011). The ensuing discussion will be concentrating on the defining and planning stages. The company (FM) will proceed with the project due to the fact that it is of critical business importance. The revenue generated from the sale is sufficient reason but it also gives the company great kudos in the marketplace. 3. 2 Defining the Project The goals, specifications, tasks and responsibilities (Larson and Gray 2011, p. ) constitute the defining phase of the project life cycle. 3. 2. 1 The goals and specifications of the project: Install 220 Drippy (Fussily brand name) Printers/almagest throughout I-Med Networks 147 Australian Sites; The Printers will replace existing competitor (namely Gaff and Kodak) ones; The Printers will be replaced on a like for like basis (I. E. Similar size, capacity and throughput as existing competitor models, albeit newer technology); The images will be either a model DIPPED (3-Tray) or a 2-Tray DIPPED. On analyzing the existing data of installed printers supplied by the I-Med network, the following printers will be supplied: 100 x DIPPED with Sorters 35 x DIPPED without sorters 40 x DIPPED with Sorters and 45 x DIPPED without sorters 133 of these printers will be Mammography enabled 3. 2. 2 The tasks and responsibilities of the project: There are many further steps than those outlined below but this is a macro view or part of the work breakdown structure (WEBS) of the project. Figure 3. 1 Task- Responsibility Chart RESPONSIBILITY Printers to be ordered and film stock increased Product Managers and Procurement Department Warehouse manager to be notified of impending increase in stock levels and of extra incoming goods Project Manager Printers to be pre-staged configured with correct sorters, film sizing and software installation completed two weeks prior to installation week Technical Engineers Electrical compliance testing Electricians Logistics to be notified of equipment on-time delivery requirements and instructions pertaining to it. With consideration to the vast distances from Sydney headquarters, some destinations will require greater lead time. Warehouse and Logistics Managers The I-Med Network sites have to be scoped for informatics and network infrastructure capability and compatibility Project Manager and Engineers Modalities (Computed/Digital Radiography, CT, Ultrasound, MR.. And so on)to be connected to printers for each site need to be clearly identified as this will affect pre- staging Fussily Engineers and IT/ Modality companies/ I-Med Network Printers dispatched to site the week before installation Project Manager with Warehouse and Logistics Install printers and train staff on use of printers Technical Engineers Documentation pertaining to the printer()s) installed to be completed correctly and sign-off obtained from the Radiology manager or designated person Technical Engineers At the end of the particular installation week, all documentation to be sent back to the Lead Project Manager via internal mail Technical Engineers Documents to be filed and information archived and entered into database correctly Project Manager *See Appendices 1 and 2 for more information. 3. 3 Planning the Project The defining, planning and executing stages of the project life cycle basically begin at the same time Just by the nature of projects. These stages may have specific functions but are interconnected and are sanctioned concurrently. When one is thinking of specifications and tasks, for example, already schedules, resources and staffing are being considered. Some of the planning stage has therefore already been considered in the defining phase. Abdominal (2012) explains this well, the relationships, iterations, phasing and overlaps between components of project, or program are derived from and verified by the nature of relationships between activities. In the planning phase or stage, we look at schedules, budgets, resources, asks and staffing (Larson and Gray 2011, p. ). Scheduling will have to run very much to plan to minimize disruption to the workflow tendency for the project scope to expand over time (Gray and Larson 2011, p. 105) will not be an issue. The initial preparatory work including the length of the project have previously been discussed. Once delivered to site, a printer will take one day to install. The following, Figure 3. 2, is an example of what the installation schedule may look like before a Giant chart is produced. Figure 3. 2 Example Installation Schedule for this Project Site NO. Existing Site Description and Quantities of Initial FUSSILY Equipment to be provided to that Initial Purchaser at that Existing Site Description of Redundant Equipment of that Initial Purchaser at that Existing Site Indicative Target Dates for Installation Timetable 1 . Royal Darwin CT 2. Royal Darwin MR.. 3. Royal Darwin UNC Med Drippy 7000 Drippy 4000 Kodak Dry-view 8700 Gaff Tartar 5300 Delivery -Week of 3/3/14 Installation Week of 10/3/14 Testing/Acceptance Week of 10/3/14 Training Week of 10/3/14 2. 1 . Hobart Calvary Hose 2. Hobart Calvary Hose Drippy 7000 w sorter Gaff Tartar 5500 Gaff Tartar 3000 Delivery Week of 10/3/14 Installation Week of 17/3/14 Testing/Acceptance Week of 17/3/14 Training Week of 17/3/14 3. 1 . Hobart Private Hose 2. Hobart Private Hose Drippy 4000 w sorter 4. 1 . SST Johns Hose TASK 2. Colonelcy TASK 3. Rosy park TASK 4. Kingston TASK 5. 1 . Wage Calvary 2. Wage Calvary 3. Wage Calvary Kodak Driveway 8900 Delivery week of 17/3/14 Installation Week of 24/3/14 Testing/Acceptance Week of 24/3/14 Training Week of 24/3/14 Giant Charts were and are used as a visual tool to show scheduled and actual progress of projects (Kumar 2005). Giant charts are used because they are easy to interpret and popular software such as [emailprotected] Office Project 2007 have made this a readily available tool. Editing is also simplified because of computer technology. For a project like the one proposed here, this type of software is ideal because dates can be used effectively, time is represented on the horizontal axis and activities down the rows (Larson and Gray 2011, p. 174). Resources can also be added. The following, Figure 3. 3, shows an example of a Giant chart for a similar equipment installation and time based project. . 3. 2 Resource Scheduling Ahead S, Imitate ML and Imitate A (2013) state: t]he companies dealing with multiple projects are geographically distributed at different locations. These projects require local (always available to the concerned project) and global (shared among the projects) resources that are available in limited quantity. Certainly Fussily has several projects in progress at all times and therefore wherever possible local resources such as engineers will be utilized for cost savings and efficiency in organization. For this project, Jamie Carlyle will be the Lead Engineer assigned solely to and for the entirety of the I-Med Printer Project and engineers from each State will complement the process. Preventative Maintenance Schedules (part of the day-to-day activities of the service department), Service Engineers Annual Leave and Public Holidays are some of the issues that have to be taken into consideration when preparing the final schedule. Being a time- constrained, as opposed to a resource-constrained project, it must be completed by the agreed date and resources will be added as required to achieve this milestone. 3. 3. 3 Estimation of Costs The Fussily Company has allocated a figure of approximately 10% ($1 M) of the bid price to the cost of the installation project and maintenance over the life of the renters within the contract period; $500,000 of this creates the project budget. How are costs estimated? Good (2009) provides a succinct explanation: Simply stated its the product of the quantities of goods and services that will be required to execute the project, times the commensurate unit pricing for each of those goods and services. In this project we can look at it like this: There are 220 printers to be installed. Whilst the time period to complete the project is six (6) months or twenty six (26) weeks, to allow some slack or buffer, the project will be calculated to be finished in went two (22) weeks. That is, ten (10) printers need to be installed per week. One day per printer per engineer is required for pre-staging. Three engineers are required for installing a printer a day each. Generally, Monday (the busiest day in a Radiology practice) will be used to travel to site and finalizing any details before installation begins on Tuesday. Friday will be used for training purposes and travel home. An engineer is paid $2000 per week or $400 a day (total cost = $187,200). The project manager is paid $110,00 per annum but an extra two months is added here or the planning phase (cost = $ 73,000). The cost of transport to a site is $150 per unit on average (total = $33,000). Travel, hotel and meal costs have been estimated to be $100,000. Legal, warehouse and other business costs are estimated at $50,000. The total estimated cost of the project is $443,200 which is within the $500,000 budget and allows for any unforeseen or misjudged costs. Spreadsheets and time- phased work packages are critical tools that can be used to simplify and take control of these calculations Project Management Essay Example Project Management Essay a) What are some of the items contained in the Project Charter? b) What phase is the Project Scope produced? What are some of the items contained in this document? c) What phase is the WBS produced? A; a)The project charter is the planning team’s concise statement of core goals, values, and intent in order to provide the ultimate policy direction for everything that comes next. Items contained in project charter are; 1. Project title should be concise and create a vision for the end result of the project. 2. Purpose summarizes the need and justification for the project. . Description provides a high-level description of the project. 4. Objective is a statement of what is expected to be accomplished. 5. Success criteria or expected benefits indicate the outcomes or expected quantitative benefits that will result from implementation of the project. 6. Funding indicates the total amount of funds the sponsor authorizes for the project. 7. Major Deliverables are the major end produ cts or items that are expected to be produced during and at the completion of the performance of the project. . Acceptance criteria describe the quantitative criteria for each major deliverable that the sponsor will use to verify that each deliverable meets certain performance specifications. 9. Milestone schedule is a list of target dates or times for the achievement of key events in the project timetable. 10. Key assumptions include those that the project rationale or justification is based on 11. Constraints could include such things as a requirement to complete the project without disrupting the current workflow. 12. Major risks identify any risk that the sponsor thinks has a high likelihood of occurrence or a high degree of potential impact. 13. Approval requirements define the limits of authority of the project manager. 14. Reporting requirements state the frequency and content of project status reports and reviews. 15. Sponsor designee is the person who the sponsor designates to act on behalf of the project sponsor. 16. Approval signature and date indicate that the sponsor has officially or formally authorized the project. Depending on the funding amount of the project, level of risk, or organizational reporting structure. The project scope defines what needs to be done. It is all the work that must be done to produce all the project deliverables, satisfy the sponsor or customer that all the work and deliverables meet the requirements or acceptance criteria, and accomplish the project objective. The project charter or request for proposal establishes the framework for further elaboration of the project scope. The project team or contractor prepares a project scope document that includes many of the items contained in the project charter, RFP, or contractor’s proposal, but in much greater detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The document is valuable for establishing a common understanding among project stakeholders regarding the scope of the project. The project scope document usually contains the following sections: 1. Customer requirements define the functional or performance specifications for the project’s end product and other project deliverables. 2. Statement of Work (SOW) defines the major tasks or work elements that will need to be performed to accomplish the work that needs to be done and produce all the project deliverables. . Deliverables are the products or outputs that the project team or contractor will produce and provide to the customer during and at the completion of the performance of the project. Although major or key deliverables may be stated in the project charter or request for proposal, they need to be expanded on in greater detail in the project scope document. 4. Acceptance criteria for all project deliverables must be described in greater detail than what is stated in t he project charter or request for proposal. For each deliverable, the quantitative measures or references to specifications, standards, or codes that will be used should be stated, as the criteria will be the basis for the customer agreeing that a deliverable is acceptable. 5. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The major work elements defined in the statement of work section along with the detailed list of deliverables provide the basis for creating a work breakdown structure, which is a hierarchical decomposition of the project work scope into work packages that produce the project deliverables. The project scope document is valuable for establishing a common understanding among project stakeholders regarding the scope of the project. It is important to document the detailed requirements in the project scope document in order to establish a clear understanding with the sponsor or customer. Work Breakdown Structure End of Class Evaluation Task AssignedDiscussion Questions LettersassignmentsQuizzesExams Team WorkTeam leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2- Charter†¢Evaluation Contribution †¢Value added†¢Grammar †¢Run outs †¢value†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solutions†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solutions†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solution S C O P eCorrelation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequencyCorrelation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Enhancement structureCorrelation, Plagiarism Citation s, quality Correction Time frame Correlation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Correction Time frame Correlation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Correction Time frame CostTask assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly bases Task assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly bases Time frameWeek 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8 The Project Charter; The Project Charter Example is used by the sponsor of a project to announce a new project and to demonstrate that management is in support of this project. The Project Charter Example provides the outline for a new project and gives management a sense of direction for the project from beginning to end. This example is downloadable and customizable for your specific usage. Project scope; Project scope is the part of project planning that involves determining and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks, costs and deadlines. The documentation of a projects scope, which is called a scope statement, terms of reference or statement of work, explains the boundaries of the project, establishes responsibilities for each team member and sets up procedures for how completed work will be verified and approved. During the project, this documentation helps the project team remain focused and on task. The scope statement also provides the project team with guidelines for making decisions about change requests during the project. Project Charter: Acknowledges the existence of a project Scope Statement: Defines where the major objectives and what the project deliverables Differences between these two documents: Project Charter: †¢Official document created and approved by key stakeholders, after project idea has been identified †¢Developed by the corporate executive or sponsor †¢Defines the responsibilities and boundaries of the project manager and the project Scope Statement: After the project charter is approved, the project manager can proceed with launching team building activities and defining the scope of the project †¢Document that formalizes references the scope of everything that the project must produce that is used for future decision making †¢Developed by the project manager with his/her project team members †¢Acts as a response to the Sponso r/Project Charter Project planning; 1. develop plans with relevant people to achieve the projects goals; 2. break work down into tasks and determine handover procedures; 3. dentify links and dependencies, and schedule to achieve deliverables; 4. estimate and cost the human and physical resources required, and make plans to obtain the necessary resources; 5. allocate roles with clear lines of responsibility and accountability; 6. allocate tasks that are realistic and equitable and accommodate other workloads; 7. Establish appropriate and agreed meeting schedules, as well as reporting, control and communication methods. Project scope; The Project Scope pertains to the work necessary to deliver a product. Requirements and deliverables define the project scope, and it is critical that the stakeholder is in agreement with the information discussed in the proposed plan. Construction of a WBS; Identifying the main deliverables of a project is the starting point for deriving a work breakdown structure. This important step is usually done by the project managers and the subject matter experts (SMEs) involved in the project. Once this step is completed, the subject matter experts start breaking down the high-level tasks into smaller chunks of work. In the process of breaking down the tasks, one can break them down into different levels of detail. One can detail a high level task into ten sub tasks while another can detail the same high level task into 20 sub tasks. Therefore, there is no hard and fast rule on how you should breakdown a task in WBS. Rather, the level breakdown is a matter of the project type and the management style followed for the project. In general, there are a few rules used for determining the smallest task chunk. In two weeks rule, nothing is broken down smaller than two weeks work of work. This means, the smallest task of the WBS is at least two week long. 8/80 is another rule used when creating a WBS. This rule implies that no task should be smaller than 8 hours of work and should not be larger than 80 hours of work. One can use many forms to display their WBS. Some use tree structure to illustrate the WBS, while others use lists and tables. Outlining is one of the easiest ways of representing a WBS. The right mix of planning, monitoring, and controlling can make the difference in completing a project on time, on budget, and with high quality results. These guidelines will help you plan the work and work the plan. Given the high rate of project failures, you might think that companies would be happy to just have their project finish with some degree of success. That’s not the case. Despite the odds, organizations expect projects to be completed faster, cheaper, and better. The only way that these objectives can be met is through the use of effective project management processes and techniques. This list outlines the major phases of managing a project and discusses key steps for each one. Note: This article is also available as a PDF download. PLANNING 1: Plan the work by utilizing a project definition document †¢ Project overview †¢ Objectives †¢ Scope †¢ Assumptions and risks †¢ Approach †¢ Organization: Show the significant roles on the project. †¢ Signature page: Ask the sponsor and key stakeholders to approve this document, signifying that they agree on what is planned. †¢ Initial effort, cost, and duration estimates: These should start as best-guess estimates and then be revised, if necessary, when the work plan is completed. 2: Create a planning horizon After the project definition has been prepared, the work plan can be created. The work plan provides the step-by-step instructions for constructing project deliverables and managing the project. 3: Define project management procedures up front 4: Manage the work plan and monitor the schedule and budget Once the project has been planned sufficiently, execution of the work can begin. †¢ Review the work plan on a regular basis to determine how you are progressing in terms of schedule and budget. †¢ Identify activities that have been completed during the previous time period and update the work plan to show they are finished. Determine whether there are any other activities that should be completed but have not been. †¢ Monitor the budget. 5: Look for warning signs Look for signs that the project may be in trouble. These could include the following: †¢ A small variance in schedule or budget starts to get bigger, especially early in the project. There is a tendency to think you can make it up, but this is a warning. If the tendencies are not corrected quickly, the impact will be unrecoverable. †¢ You discover that activities you think have already been completed are still being worked on. For example, users whom you think have been migrated to a new platform are still not. †¢ You need to rely on unscheduled overtime to hit the deadlines, especially early in the project. †¢ Team morale starts to decline. †¢ Deliverable quality or service quality starts to deteriorate. For instance, users start to complain that their converted e-mail folders are not working correctly. †¢ Quality-control steps, testing activities, and project management time starts to be cut back from the original schedule. A big project, such as an Exchange migration, can affect everyone in your organization. Don’t cut back on the activities that ensure the work is done correctly. 6: Ensure that the sponsor approves scope-change requests 7: Guard against scope creep 8: Identify risks up front 9: Continue to assess potential risks throughout the project 10: Resolve issues as quickly as possible Create Work Breakdown Structure Once the project scope document has been prepared and agreed on, the next step in the planning phase is to create a detailed work breakdown structure (WBS), which is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the project work scope into work packages that produce the project deliverables. Having a comprehensive project scope document is important because it is the foundation for creating the work breakdown structure. The project scope document defined what needs to be done in terms of the statement of work and deliverables, and the WBS establishes the framework for how the work will get done to produce the project deliverables. Creating a WBS is a structured approach for organizing all the project work and deliverables into logical groupings and subdividing them into more manageable components to help ensure that all the work and deliverables to complete the project are identified and included in the baseline project plan. It is a hierarchical tree of deliverables or end items that will be accomplished or produced by the project team or contractor during the project. The work breakdown structure subdivides the project into smaller pieces called work items. The lowest-level work item of any one branch is called a work package. The work package includes all of the specific work activities that need to be performed to produce the deliverable associated with that work package. The WBS should be decomposed to a level that identifies individual work packages for each specific deliverable listed in the project scope document. Often the WBS includes a separate work package labeled â€Å"project management† that is for all the work associated with managing the project such as preparing progress reports; conducting review meetings; planning, monitoring, and tracking schedules and budgets, and so on. The accomplishment or production of all of these lowest-level work packages in the work breakdown structure constitutes completion of the project work scope. Project Management Essay Example Project Management Essay a) What are some of the items contained in the Project Charter? b) What phase is the Project Scope produced? What are some of the items contained in this document? c) What phase is the WBS produced? A; a)The project charter is the planning team’s concise statement of core goals, values, and intent in order to provide the ultimate policy direction for everything that comes next. Items contained in project charter are; 1. Project title should be concise and create a vision for the end result of the project. 2. Purpose summarizes the need and justification for the project. . Description provides a high-level description of the project. 4. Objective is a statement of what is expected to be accomplished. 5. Success criteria or expected benefits indicate the outcomes or expected quantitative benefits that will result from implementation of the project. 6. Funding indicates the total amount of funds the sponsor authorizes for the project. 7. Major Deliverables are the major end produ cts or items that are expected to be produced during and at the completion of the performance of the project. . Acceptance criteria describe the quantitative criteria for each major deliverable that the sponsor will use to verify that each deliverable meets certain performance specifications. 9. Milestone schedule is a list of target dates or times for the achievement of key events in the project timetable. 10. Key assumptions include those that the project rationale or justification is based on 11. Constraints could include such things as a requirement to complete the project without disrupting the current workflow. 12. Major risks identify any risk that the sponsor thinks has a high likelihood of occurrence or a high degree of potential impact. 13. Approval requirements define the limits of authority of the project manager. 14. Reporting requirements state the frequency and content of project status reports and reviews. 15. Sponsor designee is the person who the sponsor designates to act on behalf of the project sponsor. 16. Approval signature and date indicate that the sponsor has officially or formally authorized the project. Depending on the funding amount of the project, level of risk, or organizational reporting structure. The project scope defines what needs to be done. It is all the work that must be done to produce all the project deliverables, satisfy the sponsor or customer that all the work and deliverables meet the requirements or acceptance criteria, and accomplish the project objective. The project charter or request for proposal establishes the framework for further elaboration of the project scope. The project team or contractor prepares a project scope document that includes many of the items contained in the project charter, RFP, or contractor’s proposal, but in much greater detail. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The document is valuable for establishing a common understanding among project stakeholders regarding the scope of the project. The project scope document usually contains the following sections: 1. Customer requirements define the functional or performance specifications for the project’s end product and other project deliverables. 2. Statement of Work (SOW) defines the major tasks or work elements that will need to be performed to accomplish the work that needs to be done and produce all the project deliverables. . Deliverables are the products or outputs that the project team or contractor will produce and provide to the customer during and at the completion of the performance of the project. Although major or key deliverables may be stated in the project charter or request for proposal, they need to be expanded on in greater detail in the project scope document. 4. Acceptance criteria for all project deliverables must be described in greater detail than what is stated in t he project charter or request for proposal. For each deliverable, the quantitative measures or references to specifications, standards, or codes that will be used should be stated, as the criteria will be the basis for the customer agreeing that a deliverable is acceptable. 5. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The major work elements defined in the statement of work section along with the detailed list of deliverables provide the basis for creating a work breakdown structure, which is a hierarchical decomposition of the project work scope into work packages that produce the project deliverables. The project scope document is valuable for establishing a common understanding among project stakeholders regarding the scope of the project. It is important to document the detailed requirements in the project scope document in order to establish a clear understanding with the sponsor or customer. Work Breakdown Structure End of Class Evaluation Task AssignedDiscussion Questions LettersassignmentsQuizzesExams Team WorkTeam leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2-Team leader Team members 1- 2- Charter†¢Evaluation Contribution †¢Value added†¢Grammar †¢Run outs †¢value†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solutions†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solutions†¢Timing †¢Expectation †¢solution S C O P eCorrelation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequencyCorrelation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Enhancement structureCorrelation, Plagiarism Citation s, quality Correction Time frame Correlation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Correction Time frame Correlation, Plagiarism Citations, quality and frequency Correction Time frame CostTask assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly bases Task assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly basesTask assigned on hourly bases Time frameWeek 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8Week 1 to 8 The Project Charter; The Project Charter Example is used by the sponsor of a project to announce a new project and to demonstrate that management is in support of this project. The Project Charter Example provides the outline for a new project and gives management a sense of direction for the project from beginning to end. This example is downloadable and customizable for your specific usage. Project scope; Project scope is the part of project planning that involves determining and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables, tasks, costs and deadlines. The documentation of a projects scope, which is called a scope statement, terms of reference or statement of work, explains the boundaries of the project, establishes responsibilities for each team member and sets up procedures for how completed work will be verified and approved. During the project, this documentation helps the project team remain focused and on task. The scope statement also provides the project team with guidelines for making decisions about change requests during the project. Project Charter: Acknowledges the existence of a project Scope Statement: Defines where the major objectives and what the project deliverables Differences between these two documents: Project Charter: †¢Official document created and approved by key stakeholders, after project idea has been identified †¢Developed by the corporate executive or sponsor †¢Defines the responsibilities and boundaries of the project manager and the project Scope Statement: After the project charter is approved, the project manager can proceed with launching team building activities and defining the scope of the project †¢Document that formalizes references the scope of everything that the project must produce that is used for future decision making †¢Developed by the project manager with his/her project team members †¢Acts as a response to the Sponso r/Project Charter Project planning; 1. develop plans with relevant people to achieve the projects goals; 2. break work down into tasks and determine handover procedures; 3. dentify links and dependencies, and schedule to achieve deliverables; 4. estimate and cost the human and physical resources required, and make plans to obtain the necessary resources; 5. allocate roles with clear lines of responsibility and accountability; 6. allocate tasks that are realistic and equitable and accommodate other workloads; 7. Establish appropriate and agreed meeting schedules, as well as reporting, control and communication methods. Project scope; The Project Scope pertains to the work necessary to deliver a product. Requirements and deliverables define the project scope, and it is critical that the stakeholder is in agreement with the information discussed in the proposed plan. Construction of a WBS; Identifying the main deliverables of a project is the starting point for deriving a work breakdown structure. This important step is usually done by the project managers and the subject matter experts (SMEs) involved in the project. Once this step is completed, the subject matter experts start breaking down the high-level tasks into smaller chunks of work. In the process of breaking down the tasks, one can break them down into different levels of detail. One can detail a high level task into ten sub tasks while another can detail the same high level task into 20 sub tasks. Therefore, there is no hard and fast rule on how you should breakdown a task in WBS. Rather, the level breakdown is a matter of the project type and the management style followed for the project. In general, there are a few rules used for determining the smallest task chunk. In two weeks rule, nothing is broken down smaller than two weeks work of work. This means, the smallest task of the WBS is at least two week long. 8/80 is another rule used when creating a WBS. This rule implies that no task should be smaller than 8 hours of work and should not be larger than 80 hours of work. One can use many forms to display their WBS. Some use tree structure to illustrate the WBS, while others use lists and tables. Outlining is one of the easiest ways of representing a WBS. The right mix of planning, monitoring, and controlling can make the difference in completing a project on time, on budget, and with high quality results. These guidelines will help you plan the work and work the plan. Given the high rate of project failures, you might think that companies would be happy to just have their project finish with some degree of success. That’s not the case. Despite the odds, organizations expect projects to be completed faster, cheaper, and better. The only way that these objectives can be met is through the use of effective project management processes and techniques. This list outlines the major phases of managing a project and discusses key steps for each one. Note: This article is also available as a PDF download. PLANNING 1: Plan the work by utilizing a project definition document †¢ Project overview †¢ Objectives †¢ Scope †¢ Assumptions and risks †¢ Approach †¢ Organization: Show the significant roles on the project. †¢ Signature page: Ask the sponsor and key stakeholders to approve this document, signifying that they agree on what is planned. †¢ Initial effort, cost, and duration estimates: These should start as best-guess estimates and then be revised, if necessary, when the work plan is completed. 2: Create a planning horizon After the project definition has been prepared, the work plan can be created. The work plan provides the step-by-step instructions for constructing project deliverables and managing the project. 3: Define project management procedures up front 4: Manage the work plan and monitor the schedule and budget Once the project has been planned sufficiently, execution of the work can begin. †¢ Review the work plan on a regular basis to determine how you are progressing in terms of schedule and budget. †¢ Identify activities that have been completed during the previous time period and update the work plan to show they are finished. Determine whether there are any other activities that should be completed but have not been. †¢ Monitor the budget. 5: Look for warning signs Look for signs that the project may be in trouble. These could include the following: †¢ A small variance in schedule or budget starts to get bigger, especially early in the project. There is a tendency to think you can make it up, but this is a warning. If the tendencies are not corrected quickly, the impact will be unrecoverable. †¢ You discover that activities you think have already been completed are still being worked on. For example, users whom you think have been migrated to a new platform are still not. †¢ You need to rely on unscheduled overtime to hit the deadlines, especially early in the project. †¢ Team morale starts to decline. †¢ Deliverable quality or service quality starts to deteriorate. For instance, users start to complain that their converted e-mail folders are not working correctly. †¢ Quality-control steps, testing activities, and project management time starts to be cut back from the original schedule. A big project, such as an Exchange migration, can affect everyone in your organization. Don’t cut back on the activities that ensure the work is done correctly. 6: Ensure that the sponsor approves scope-change requests 7: Guard against scope creep 8: Identify risks up front 9: Continue to assess potential risks throughout the project 10: Resolve issues as quickly as possible Create Work Breakdown Structure Once the project scope document has been prepared and agreed on, the next step in the planning phase is to create a detailed work breakdown structure (WBS), which is a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the project work scope into work packages that produce the project deliverables. Having a comprehensive project scope document is important because it is the foundation for creating the work breakdown structure. The project scope document defined what needs to be done in terms of the statement of work and deliverables, and the WBS establishes the framework for how the work will get done to produce the project deliverables. Creating a WBS is a structured approach for organizing all the project work and deliverables into logical groupings and subdividing them into more manageable components to help ensure that all the work and deliverables to complete the project are identified and included in the baseline project plan. It is a hierarchical tree of deliverables or end items that will be accomplished or produced by the project team or contractor during the project. The work breakdown structure subdivides the project into smaller pieces called work items. The lowest-level work item of any one branch is called a work package. The work package includes all of the specific work activities that need to be performed to produce the deliverable associated with that work package. The WBS should be decomposed to a level that identifies individual work packages for each specific deliverable listed in the project scope document. Often the WBS includes a separate work package labeled â€Å"project management† that is for all the work associated with managing the project such as preparing progress reports; conducting review meetings; planning, monitoring, and tracking schedules and budgets, and so on. The accomplishment or production of all of these lowest-level work packages in the work breakdown structure constitutes completion of the project work scope.

Analytical Paper Essay Example

Analytical Paper Essay Example Analytical Paper Essay Analytical Paper Essay Essay Topic: Analytical As stated in First Generations: Women in Colonial America, women werent often allowed many rights that were given to men freely at the time. Women in colonial times in the Chesapeake, for example, were treated as second-class citizens, but mainly they were married. The only time when these men seemed to accept a woman with freedom was if she was a widow. Men such as John Winthrop were outraged by ideas such as a woman educating a man on or coming to her own conclusions about scripture. This was presumably because It threatened the way of life In which men were in all but omelet religious, political, and monetary control. Men In this period were known to listen to their wives advice on certain matters, but even their opinions then were little more than Just that In the ears of colonial men. This Is a slightly less subjugated example, however, than that of the New England woman: who, as Berlin states on page 27, No position she held within the family was ever characterized by autonomy. This particular line got my attention because of how blatant the statement is. In the middle colonies, however, women may have been considered to have more freedoms, at least when it came to the work force. It is made clear that the women in Indian tribes were held in a better societal place, less one of being understated and quiet, more liberal. Women often did not Involve themselves In politics, but they talked about them. Their positions, as captive Mary Jimson (mentioned on page 61 recounted, were not any more repetitious than the chores that filled a colonial housewifes days. And Seneca women, unlike English wives and daughters, were not slaves to the spinning wheel or the needle. In summer, the women went out each morning to the fields, accompanied by their children Page 61) On page 62, Berlin states Iroquois women had primacy over the tribes in their control over the food supply. They could also hold positions of power in the tribes, if their claim was thought to be enough to override gender separation. This was made more difficult in the colonies, shown clearly by the general absence of even widowed women from courts, ministry, and office. These differences clearly identify se veral examples of why, in my opinion, a colonial woman might choose their captors way of life over their own. Colonial women were under spoken and had little o no familial, religious, or legal power, and In my opinion Is It easy to see why this way of life could become tedious, miserable, or even scary for these women. The women In some Indian tribes, at least, led less tedious and subjugated lives. If a woman was captured, and was then later able to lead a normal female role in Indian society, It Is apparent Tanat tenure were reasons tens cool a De appealing too woman from the colonies. These reasons include a higher degree of freedom from a much more boring, servant-like way of life. On page 102, the Quakers seemed to have seen he double-standards that were imposed against women, and how it contradicted their beliefs, prompting them to leave and live separately. It is also my understanding that Quaker women even became ministers at times. Also on page 102 it is noted that the Dutch had to leave behind a tradition of gender equality; and, at least in their colony, religious toleration; because of the British takeover of the Dutch colony. The colonial womans way of life can be considered by people today as second-class. Whereas the women in some Indian societies had roles which were less restricted ND more productive, which, in my opinion can serve to make people feel better about themselves. They also had more control in society with the Native Americans, apart from having slightly more over their own lives. Their capture, for women in the colonies, made possible the comparison between the way of life they had already lived, and the one that they might have with the Native Americans. It is my opinion that the differences that captured colonial women saw and/or experienced caused many to go back, or stay with, their Native American captors. The African women who ere slaves in the British colonies still had the most difficult of lives, because not only were they lifelong slaves, but their children were born into it as well. To summarize, it is my belief that if some women chose to live with the Indians who once held them captive, they made this decision based on the comparisons of the two very different ways of life. They chose to go back because they saw freedoms with the Native American tribes that werent allowed to women in the colonies. Examples of these freedoms include more political leverage, control over the food supply (in some tribes), and freedom to speak of religion.

Grammar Done Right †Interview With Karen Reddick

Grammar Done Right – Interview With Karen Reddick Grammar Done Right Interview With Karen Reddick Grammar Done Right Interview With Karen Reddick By Sharon Karen Reddick runs the Red Pen Editor and is the author of Grammar Done Right. We asked her about her book and her views on writing and editing. Hi Karen, and welcome to Daily Writing Tips. Can you tell us a little about yourself? Hi, Sharon. Thank you for inviting me. I am a freelance book editor, specializing in nonfiction developmental, copyediting, and proofreading of books in the genre of business, how-to, self-help, political, and humor. I provide the same services for fiction in the genre of mystery, thriller, romance, and urban. I also offer author support for authors that have a book in them, but dont know what steps to take to get their book into published form. How did you get into editing? Finding typos has always been my gift. Its as if the mistakes jump off the page and land in my lap. I am also an avid reader, and I truly love words. I love how words come together to make sentences and sentences come together to make paragraphs and paragraphs come together to make stories. Ive always been fascinated with how good sentence structure can bring life to a story. I took my love for the written word and my ability to find mistakes and combined them to create The Red Pen Editor. What makes a good editor, in your opinion? To me, there are three types of editors: the educated, the experienced, and the gifted. A good editor should possess all three of these qualities. How did you come to write Grammar Done Right? Grammar Done Right! came about after I started a weekly Grammar Tips ezine back in 2005. By the end of 2007 I had over 100 tips on grammar and style usage. So, the logical next step was to take those grammar and writing tips and create a book. Now, nearing the end of 2008, Ill have 52 more tips to share. I believe there might be a Grammar Done Right! 2nd Edition in the near future. You describe it as The only reference book youll need to read. What about the book justifies that claim? My goal when writing the book was to make it as clear and concise as possible. A quick reference guide that anyone, from 5th grade to adult, could pick up and find an easy explanation for a certain grammar or style rule. The reference books I, and many others, use are those huge tomes that take forever to look up rules with impossibly long explanations of the rule that an average person cant understand. Therefore, Grammar Done Right! provides easy-to-find, and understand, references to the most common grammar and writing rules and puts them in a quick, commonsense format. I first found you through the Grammar Done Right comic strip. How and why did you come to do that? Somebody on Twitter posted a reference to Bitstrips.com. I went to the site out of curiosity. Im always looking for ways to promote my editing business and my book and something at this site just clicked. Plus, I believe laughter truly is the best medicine, so anything that I can create that might cause another person to smile, or laugh out loud, is okay by me. What kind of response has the strip had? All of my grammar comics have developed a strong following. I can also share the comics on my blog, on Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Digg, and StumbleUpon. Thats great exposure! Whats the best advice you have ever had about writing or editing? Cut out unnecessary words! Your ultimate goal as a writer is to attract readers. Readers are busy people and most dont have time for leisure reading anymore. Write concise, to the point, and forget all the extra jargon. Your readers will love you for it. Whats the best advice you have ever given about writing or editing? Cut out unnecessary words and banish the adverb! Our language is filled with so many wonderful verbs, lets be creative and use them. Whats your favorite word at the moment and why? My favorite word right now is: Appreciation. Im all about being thankful and grateful for what I am given every day. The chance to wake up healthy, happy, and the freedom to create my own destiny. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund PhrasesDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example In addition, the company operates its hospitality business from Fremantle, Healesville and Melbourne. The company has some subsidiaries as well such as Little Creatures Breweries Pvt. Ltd., which is a popular name in Australia. Another subsidiary assisting the group in its packaging and hospitality vertical is Fremantle Harbour Properties Pvt. Ltd., as recorded last on June 30, 2006 (Reuters, 2011). The present paper aims to assess the credibility of the company during 2009 and 2010, based on which it might be appraised to the position of a suitable borrower. Credibility of a company could be decided through an evaluation of its financial performance over the years. Financial evaluation on the other hand, could be made on the basis of the four groups of ratios namely, Liquidity, Efficiency, Activity and Profitability. In case that the company is found to fare well in terms of the above factors, it might be regarded as a suitable borrower. In addition, an assessment of the economic en vironment in which the bank is functioning also needs to be assessed for the purpose. Economic Environment Strengths The economic environment of Little World Beverages Group might be regarded as having improved from the records of financial year 2008 to that in the financial year 2009. It experienced growth in terms of total operating revenues as well as net profit ratios by 18% and 51% respectively over the years. These improvements had essentially been due to expansions in the company’s base of operations over the years. It had moved on to international frontiers as well so that the company started experiencing economies of large scale operations (Little World Beverages Limited, 2009-10). Weaknesses The company is recently found to have withdrawn much of its outstanding shares from the secondary market which has taken a toll over its financial leverage quotient. Moreover this very fact has proved to be quite taxing in its profitability aspect as well which is the reason why the company might be at the verge of losing its loyal base of investors. Financial Status As mentioned earlier, the financial evaluation of a company would be made on the basis of four groups of financial ratios each of which will be examining one particular aspect of the company’s profile. Information based on which these assessments are to be made will be available on the company annual reports. Liquidity Liquidity of a company decides the extent to which a company is capable to meet its short run obligations. In other words, how far a company is able to tackle its short run liabilities given its volume of assets is something that is conceptualized by the term short term solvency. It draws a comparison between the company liabilities and the volume of liquid assets possessed by the company. In case that the proportion of liquid assets is greater than the liabilities surmounting the company, it might be regarded as solvent over the short run (Wild, Subramanyam & Halsey, 200 6). There are three ratios to determine short term solvency of a company, namely – Current Ratio – It decides the units of current asset that a company possesses in comparison with the current liabilities of the same. Ideally, current ratio must be greater than 1 in order to establish a company’s solvent position. In case that it is rising over time as well, short term liquidity of the company might be regarded as a robust one. Quick Ratio – It implies the ratio of quick assets to current liabilitie

Mediation Critique Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mediation Critique Case Study - Essay Example The environment of the mediation room is deemed to be the most crucial factor for ensuring the success of mediation conducted between Randy and Brett. Apart from the physical setup of the room, the less tangible factors also contribute into influencing the decision-making of the parties as well as the mediator. From the mediation conducted, it can be understood that the environment was calm as well as safe for the parties with respect to negotiation (00:14). Besides, in order to ensure the success of the mediation plan, only three people were present at the conference room including the mediator, Randy and Brett (00:47). Furthermore, the comfort of both the parties involved in the mediation was deemed to be crucial and thus the environment was kept peaceful to facilitate proper communication and create a problem-solving atmosphere (00:25; 01:02).  In the opening statement, the mediator introduced herself and presented a brief idea about the tasks that will be performed for reaching into a common agreement between the involved parties (00:08). The mediator stated that the main objective of the session conducted was to reach a mutual agreement between Randy and Brett so as to evade any sort of conflicting situation further (01:19).  Besides, the mediator also highlighted the fact that full confidentiality of the information will be maintained. In addition, the mediator also mentioned that partiality will be avoided on both the sides in order to bring out favorable or positive outcomes.  

Describe a major result of the Civil War on the U.S and assess whether Essay

Describe a major result of the Civil War on the U.S and assess whether the result was good or bad for the country - Essay Example Their money was no good and their homes, buildings and infrastructure demolished. It is estimated that one in four males of military age in the South either died or suffered a crippling injuring during the war (â€Å"The Civil War†, n.d.). There is no credible argument regarding these two outcomes as to whether they were good or bad for the nation. Though rejoining the country is still today a celebrated event in U.S. history, it ultimately caused a negative outcome. The main reason that the Confederacy succeeded from the Union was the issue of States’ rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution but were almost completely lost following the Civil War. In most instances, individual states have the primary legal authority to nullify any actions taken by the federal government as described in the U.S. Constitution. This includes many legal rights up to and including the right to succeed. The Founding Fathers drafted this concept into the Constitution because they knew all too well that a decentralized federal government is less likely to become tyrannical because the people are better able to hold it accountable. The Founders’ intent was not necessarily to give the states additional powers but to limit the authority of the federal government and to alleviate the fear that it would exercise powers it was not given. This concept was understood by the Founders, the Confederacy and many of both conservative and liberal ideology since the earliest beginnings of the nation (Epstein, 2003). Within Article I, Section Eight of the Constitution is a purposely restricted set of responsibilities allocated to the federal government. It prints the money, regulates commerce and provides for the common defense, in other words, funds the military. The 1819 U.S. Supreme Court decided that the federal government also possessed certain ‘implied powers’ in the McCulloch v. Maryland

Foreign language courses in public school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign language courses in public school - Essay Example According to (Dillon 2010), this is a distressing news that many schools nationwide have stopped teaching foreign languages overlooking the fact that a greater number of linguists are present needed in America in an order to look after the global business and diplomacy. The talk about necessarily requiring the American students to take foreign language courses at the schools is weighty and fraught with positive merits because research shows that younger children are more able to develop familiarity with foreign languages and learn to speak them fluently than senior people are. Young school students are of that age when acquiring knowledge about new and difficult things does not create much hurdles for the students and they are able to go all the way through to acquire control over foreign languages, which are sure to assist them a lot in their later lives when they would have to survive in a culturally diverse society and interact with people speaking different languages. There are m any jobs which essentially demand the candidates to be bi-lingual. Jobs in the fields of teaching and business require an individual to be able to socially interact with many people from different backgrounds and who may be speaking different languages. Moreover, according to (Peckham, n.d.), â€Å"children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children.† ... elds of teaching and business require an individual to be able to socially interact with many people from different backgrounds and who may be speaking different languages. Moreover, according to (Peckham, n.d.), â€Å"children in foreign language programs have tended to demonstrate greater cognitive development, creativity, and divergent thinking than monolingual children.† Early foreign language learning is also important because children are the future of a country and arming them with the tool of speaking foreign languages can help them in accepting different cultural beliefs. Even proponents believe that being bi-lingual is important and beneficial in the 21st century since globalization is a prominent feature of the present America, still they obstinately stand by the viewpoint that making the foreign language courses mandatory at school level is not a wise step and should be re-considered in many educational setups. Proponents suggest that though learning foreign langua ges has its merits, still importance of an individual’s freedom should never be forgotten and in the end, it should be the student him/herself and no other authority that should decide whether taking foreign language classes is important at school or not. Proponents also claim that essentially requiring the American students to take foreign language courses at schools is not a wise step because there is already a complex and tough academic course for the students that may virtually leave the students with no excess time for learning foreign languages. This claim may be true to some extent but can be suppressed by adjusting the curriculum in such a smart way that the students would not have to face troubles in adjusting their time between other courses and additional foreign language courses.

Special Tools of life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special Tools of life - Essay Example ending with their functions that is some enzymes will break molecules completely while others will break them into parts allowing other enzymes to complete the breakdown. The ability of the living things to make their own tools that enable in the daily activities by the cell can be purely pegged on the programming aspect of the information contained in the D.N.A which controls what is to be in the cell at a given period of time and performing a specific function (Lightner, 2004). The bacteria on the other hand contain enzymes that can perform specific duties with time and though they miss others they gain them in the process of mutation and the interaction of other enzymes with the molecules and the cell. It should also be noted that cell mutation affects the activities of enzymes by changing their shapes and their effectiveness in performing their specific roles; affecting the breakdown procedure /stages of some molecules and allowing accumulation of unwanted enzymes in the cell. Bacterium mutations come with different strains that can survive in various environments within the cell which with adaptation and time they develop special features, which can be treated as tools, to enable them perform their roles effectively in the new environment. Evolution theorists try to explain this as a change in the genetic information but in most case these changes impacts on destroying the important components of the cell such as the repressor gene, allowing the uncontrolled supply of enzymes. The picky and selective trait by the cell on what is let in allows the optimality of enzymes functioning within the call such that the repressor gene controls the production of a certain enzyme if the complement enzyme is available and vice versa, in a switch on/off mode. Evolution theorists highlight the process of cell mutation ignoring the specific actions and interactions of the bacteria calls and the enzymes produced to breakdown the substrate molecules; a phenomenon that

The utilization of ACE inhibitors in Congestive Cardiac Failure Essay

The utilization of ACE inhibitors in Congestive Cardiac Failure - Essay Example Renin release is followed by conversion of hepatic angiotensinogen to angiotensin I which is subsequently converted to angiotensinogen II by the enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). ACE is found in high concentrations in the pulmonary circulation, systemic vasculature and kidney. Angiotensinogen in turn carries out two important independent actions to bring the hemostasis back to normal: the direct vasoconstrictve effect to improve the blood pressure and stimulation of adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone which results in sodium retention and potassium excretion. Aldosterone also responds to adrenocorticotrpic hormone (ACTH) and potassium excess for its release. The aldosterone action for sodium resorption by the distal convoluted involves the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR); the induction of the basolateral sodium-potassium ATPase pump and the apical sodium channel (Stewart pp1-10) (Weber 2001). Congestive cardiac failure is the condition when heart is unable to carry out its normal function of pumping blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body including vital organs, in other words there is an insufficient cardiac out to meet the demand of the body. Human body, initially, responses to this pathology by the expansion of the intravascular volume. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system comes into action to bring back the perfusion pressure and then maintain it. Renin stimulation increases the level of angiotensinogen II in the blood, which in turn increases the peripheral resistance to improve blood pressure and thus perfusion of the tissue. Secondly, it also stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone. Some other major stimuli, like angiotensinogen act to increase the secretion of aldosterone, which include: elevated potassium levels in exchange for sodium excretion and plasma corticotrophin level which increases in the congestive cardiac failure on long term basis. These two stimuli are very strong and eventually result in high levels of aldosterone in the circulation (Weber 2001) (Peterson 2002). Another factor which keeps aldosterone in very high concentration in the circulation is its decreased degradation in the liver because of reduced perfusion of liver in congestive cardiac failure. This reduction causes many fold increase in aldosterone level. So increase in angiotensinogen II due to overactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system results in the resorption of sodium from the proximal nephron and aldosterone release increases the resorption from the distal nephron. This also results in decreased serum level of potassium and magnesium. As body respond to the congestive cardiac failure on long-term basis so these changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may result in remodeling of various tissues in the body (Weber 2001). There are some morphological changes which occur as a result of the remodeling of various tissues. In response to increased aldosterone secretions, Na+ /K+-ATPase activity increases to maintain the osmolarity between extracellular and intracellular compartments. Some morphologic changes also occur resulting in perivascular, atrial and ventricular fibrosis. Thus may be due to increase in

Bend it Like Beckham (2002) Review of Multiculturalism

Bend it Like Beckham (2002) Review of Multiculturalism Student ID 27453219 Module LANG1005 â€Å"British Life and Institutions†, Essay No. 1 Essay Question No. 3: Write a review of the film Bend it Like Beckham (2002), reflecting in what way they are representative of multicultural Britain. Bend it Like Beckham: The Reflect of Multicultural Britain- Situation and Problems It has been several decades since multicultural policies were adopted by UK government which lets Britain become an ethnic melting pot, in another word, multicultural nation. During the history of wars, colonization and immigrants, large quantities people from all over the world move to UK, bringing their own culture and customs. And Indian British, ethnic minority that has the single largest population in the UK, is quite important constituent of the multicultural society. There is a film, Bend it like Beckham, which can be a good example to show the multicultural situation, especially the Indian British in Britain. It is a low budget film directed by Indian director Gurinder Chadha. The background was set in West London, where has one of the Britains hugest Indian social communities, a perfect playground to show the Indian culture. According to the Office for National Statistics, Indians are Londons largest non-white ethnic minority group, with a population of around 500,000. [1] It tells the story about an 18-year-old Indian girl, Jesminder, whose parents are Sikhs. She was crazy about football which was against the Indian traditional concept of women. But she finally earned the chance to go to America to continue her football dream. Because India’s historical development is slow, the social custom is conservative, which can be greatly reflected by the marriage. Although the government took many reforms during the age colonized by UK, the marriage of Indian still has religious characteristic. In India, women’s social status is quite low. The traditional Indian wife should do all the household duties while the husband earns money to support family. Jess’s parents, especially her farther, is comparatively more open-minded than the Indian traditional families. They bought cars, TV, radio and other things for their daughters. They allowed Jess to play football when she was young. But their still have quite traditional concepts in their mind. From the film, we can see that Jess’s mother always wanted Jess to learn to cook round bread. Her elder sister, Pink’s marriage is arranged by the parents. And Jess was not allowed to play football and fall in love with white people. They though t the behaviour go against the tradition is a shame to their family. Indian people are only allowed to marry Indian, even if they live in the society full of white in London. Although the multicultural policies allowed people in different races and religion beliefs to live together peacefully, they prefer to stay in their own circles of relationships. Because even nowadays, there are still racial estrangement and prejudices existing. And the film shows this problems skilfully and subtly. When Jess’s football team coach, Joe came to Jess’s home to persuade her parents to let her stay in the team, Jess’s father said he was a good cricket player, but he gave up because of others laughing at his turban, which let him gave up. That was kind of incomprehension of culture and acts lack of respect to other religion’s customs. Those painful experience let him do not want his daughter to play with white. And he didn’t believe that things have changed. Those pain resulted in more prejudices, bringing more misunderstanding. When Jess tried to use the example of Nasir Hussain to represent the changes, her mother said that he was a Muslim which was different. Apart from the humour, this also implied the bias between different beliefs. And from the Punjabis’ complain that their neighbours were always upset about their noisy celebrations, the divergence still appeared its hints- the neighbours didn’t understand this kind of custom and the Punjabis were disdained to explain, which may just bring it worse. During one football match, one girl in the opponent team offended Jess and called her â€Å"Paki†, a very insulting word against Indian. And the coach, Joe said he can understand what Jess felt when being called like that, because he was Irish even today Irish was still under discrimination, more or less. From the plots above, we can see that as a multicultural nation, Britain still have many clashes between races, many of which are latent. It can be a bomb that can cause explosion- ethnic hatred- at any time with a tiny spark. Prime Minister David Cameron delivered a speech talking about Islamist extremism at Munich Security Conference 2011, saying that the extremists were the minority of Islamists. But it leaded to hatred to the whole Islamist group. But only to reveal the badness of multicultural environment in Britain is not the goal of the director she wanted to show the situation in the round. And the director put the hope on the younger generation. In the film, Jules did not look down on Jess because she was Indian. Instead, she excavated Jess’s talent in football and built good friendship. And then Jess committed the worst sin for an Indian girl- falling in love with a white man, which made her nearly lost her friendship. The quarrel between two friends actually showed the equality that everyone, whatever their skin colours, genders and social status has the same right to win over love. And Jess’s Indian friend, Tony supported Jess to go for her dream and love. At the same time, Jess thought there was nothing serious to be a homosexual as Indian. From the contrast of two generations, we can see the concept is changing by the time. The younger generation is more open-minded that they can accept the ideas that are not accept by their parents. But when the two kinds of thoughts crash, it will bring about conflicts- that was why Jess had so many difficulties when she wanted to play football instead of acting as traditional Indian women and fall in love with white. So how could the young keep chasing their dream regardless of the racial and cultural problems? The film has already given us the answer at the beginning of the film- through the title. Bend it Like Beckham, outwardly it praises the wonderful banana shot skill of Beckham. But it has a metaphor meaning that if you want to kick the ball into the goal – realize your ambition, you have to fight, to bend the rule and social paradigms, not accepting life and situation. So at the end of the film, Jess got the chance to go to America by showing her father her instinct and talent and Jess Jules made it up. Even the love with Joe, could also be talked to Jess’s mom and dad later. It is quite representative to use this story to reflect the contemporary multicultural Britain. The director Gurinder did not go too deep into the ethnic issues, yet we can still see the problems. The ethnic prejudice and discrimination in the past has greatly reduced but still exists. And the historical pain caused by this becomes the obstruction that stops the further improvement of relationships between races. No matter what efforts have been made to ease the tension, the situation can go worse easily by tiny provocation. The young generation wants to change it, though coming across many difficulties. And the concept is changed with their braveness of fighting with the old restrictions. They are more willing to make friends with different races compared to their parents. They are the fresh blood to dilute the old stereotypes and driving force for social advance. There is another interesting dimension. In multicultural environment, the sports and music are always the easiest way to let the different races to put aside the prejudice and trust each other. Jess, Jules and Joe built true friendship by football. And Olympic Games is another representations of the multiculturalism. For example, Mo Farah, who is Somali-born British, won two gold medals for UK in 2012 London Olympic Games. You may not be native British, but you can still win glories for Britain by competing with people from other countries. No matter if you are Indian or Muslin, British or Irish, black or white. And music is the most sincere and global language, letting people all over the world enjoy this great art. The soundtrack of the film has a charming Indian style, which makes the Indian culture better integrate into the British society. At the end of the film, the British actors singing Indian songs and Indian women playing football can be the best evidence. Bibliography Chen Fengjun, Indian Society and Culture, Beijing, Pecking University Press, 2013 Chitra Mahesh, Bend It Like Beckham, Indias National Newspaper, 19 July 2002, Available from: http://www.thehindu.com Hong Xia, Between Binary Options: On Contemporary British Cultural Pattern, Journal of Nanjing University (Philosophy, Humanities and Social Science), 30 October 2009 Jamie Russell, Bend it Like Beckham, BBC UK, 11 April 2002, Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk Ron Ahluwalia, Review: Bend it like Beckham is like curry, Planet Bollywood review, 27 June 2003, Available from: http://www.planetbollywood.com Times of India review, Review: Bend it like Beckham is like curry, Wayback Machine, 10 July 2002. Xie Donghui, â€Å"About Change and Development of India Marriage System†, Hebei Law Science, March 2009, 171-176. 1 [1] cf. Office for National Statistics. (2011) Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group, All Persons London Neighbourhood Statistics. Available from: http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk [Accessed 1 November 2014]

Study of Internet Banking in Malaysia

Study of Internet Banking in Malaysia Introduction. Background of study: Many scholars claim that electronic banking started in the 1970s. However, evidence showed that the first visible ATM machine was introduced in the year 1981. The ATM- Automated Teller Machines- are a great component of internet banking. They serve as a great alternative to the brick and mortal branches. Afterwards, tele-banking followed suit it yet another delivery channel for branch financial services via telecommunications devices connected to an automated system of the bank by utilizing Automated Voice Response (AVR) Technology. Before the introduction of internet banking in Malaysia in June 1, 2000, banks operated under an unconsolidated system. It was very difficult to conduct an interbank transaction. The bottleneck system was too frail to face the ever rising global competition from it international counterparts of who, by then, most have gone e-banking. To fully utilize the benefits of internet banking, the Malaysian central bank decided to consolidate its commercial banks. Prior to the implementation of this policy, there were about 23 banks in Malaysia in the banking system. However, after the consolidation and the implementation of internet banking, only 10 core banking groups survived, though some merged. The introduction of Internet system into the banking sector, drastically shoot up the performance and competitive advantage of Malaysian banking system. Inter and intra banking transactions became more flexible and faster. Banks are now able to grant loans to firms and individuals through faster an d easier means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"e-banking. Individuals and firms are able to pay from and deposit money to their account without having to pay a physical visit to their banks. Almost all banking transaction can now be made at home at anytime on a system that runs almost 24/7.amybank became the first domestic bank to offer internet banking services. In Malaysia, this service is currently provided to individual customers at a 128-bit encryption technology to allay fears of security among consumers. The services provided in this portal includes bill payment, banking enquiry functions, , funds transfer, and accounts rundown, credit card payment as well as operation history. Customer support service is made available via e-mails in addition to telephone lines. Bellow is summary table of internet banking services provided by 6 Malaysian commercial banks BANK SERVICE TRANSACTIONS Southern Bank PC Banking Real-time fund transfers, credit-card payments, access account balances and auto alerts. Hong Leong Bank [emailprotected] Fund transfers, balance enquiries, statement download, bill payments, cheque-book request, cheque-status enquiry, stop cheque and credit-card payments. ec-banking Account Summary, Funds Transfer, Credit Card Service, Bill Payments, Service Request HSBC Bank Hexagon A desktop-banking system via the HSBC Groups proprietary worldwide communications network. Services include transfer of funds within own accounts and third-party accounts. Multi-Purpose Bank Multi-Link Basic banking services account balance enquiry, fund transfer, bill payments and product info. Also offers desktop share-trading via JB Securities Sdn Bhd. PhileoAllied Bank PALDIRECT PALWORLD Provides banking, share investing, news and information, utility-bill payments, insurance, travel, electronic shopping and communications services. RHB Bank RHB OnLine Balance enquiry, fund transfer, remittance services, fixed-deposit placements, credit-card payments, brokering and bill payments. Source: Internet Banking Patronage: An Empirical Investigation of Malaysia by Suganthi, Balachandher and Balachandran. Despite the many complaints about the slow transmission of data, mobile e-banking using the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) has increased the ease with which transactions are made. The introduction of Global Packet Radio Services (GPRS) and 3G phones has help in defeating the speed problem. Thus, speed is no longer a problem. Bellow is a table of summary of banks three banks and there (3) Malaysian commercial banks. BANK NAME SERVICES OCBC Bank i.wap Banking transactions balance enquiry, transaction history, statement request, fund transfer, cheque-book request, stop-payment request, bill payments. Others news, banking rates, treasury news and credit-card services. Philoe Allied Bank Palworld WAP Banking transactions, bill payments, news, share trading. United Overseas Bank Mobile-phone banking Banking transactions such as balance enquiry, statement request, increase in credit-card limit and others. Source: Internet Banking Patronage: An Empirical Investigation of Malaysia by Suganthi, Balachandher and Balachandran. Despite the benefit that concomitantly associates with e-banking, it success largely depends on the reception its get from the people that use it, i.e. customer, retail and corporate alike. Its of no disputable doubt that many bank account holders have signed up for the internet banking facilities. In fact in Malaysia, CIMB for instance, almost all account holders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"i.e. more than 90%- have opted for internet banking due to the ease and flexibility it possesses. Problem statement: However, this success story has only been achievable due to the much resource being invested in creating awareness and expanding the capacity and speed of the system. The questions, Does the result or performance of e-banking justify the resource been used to promote it? How good is the response of the customer, and How well is the system running? Objectives of study The following are the objective of this paper: General Objective: To measure the performance of e-banking in Malaysian economy Specific objective Measure the security level of the system from both the customer and bankers perspectives Measure the level awareness amongst Malaysian denizen Measure the level of convenience in regard to accessibility and speed the users enjoy. Literature Review The advent of internet banking in Malaysia and its rapid growth and adoption has been a popular subject amongst modern researchers. Internet banking has attracted increasing attention since the 1990s. Partly fostered by technological advance, banks started to use the internet as an innovative payment method and as a way to reduce costs, enhance profits and increase customer convenience. Between the 1997 and 2001 Deyoung (2005) the internet banks had started and they managed to identify which online banking have been effective, and the study had shown that most of the internet banks had low profit but the study showed that the internet banks had been growing so fast, and to make these banks survive they need a competitor but the consequences in market share will be limited. Electronic banking (e-banking) is the newest delivery channel of banking services all around the world and has become a vital necessity. The definition of e-banking varies amongst researches partially because elect ronic banking refers to several types of services through which a banks customers can request information and carry out most retail banking services via computer, television or mobile phone (Daniel,1999; Mols, 1998; Sathye, 1999). Burr, 1996, for example, describes it as an electronic connection between the bank and customer in order to prepare, manage and control financial transactions. Many authors appreciate that Internet banking (e-banking) is defined to include the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels as well as large value electronic payments and other wholesale banking services delivered electronically. Electronic banking can also be defined as a variety of the following platforms: (a) Internet banking (or online banking), (b) telephone banking, (c) TV-based banking, (d) mobile phone banking, and (e) PC banking (or offline banking) (LuÃ…Â ¡tÃ…Â ¡ik; 2004:9). Electronic banking (e-banking) is the newest delivery channel of banking services. The definition of e-banking varies amongst researches partially because electronic banking refers to several types of services through which a banks customers can request information and carry out most retail banking services via computer, television or mobile phone (Daniel,1999; Mols, 1998; Sathye, 1999). Burr, 1996, for example, describes it as an electronic connection between the bank and customer in order to prepare, manage and control financial transactions. Many authors appreciate that Internet banking (e-banking) is defined to include the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels as well as large value electronic payments and other wholesale banking services delivered electronically. Electronic banking can also be defined as a variety of the following platforms: (a) Internet banking (or online banking), (b) telephone banking, (c) TV-based banking, (d) mobile phone banking, and (e) PC banking (or offline banking) (LuÃ…Â ¡tÃ…Â ¡ik; 2004:9). Financial service customers are getting further away from the providers of those services. Petersen and Rajan (2002) found that small business lending, which has been the specialty of local relationship lenders, has been moving further from their customers over time, due in part to remote banking technologies. Remote access technologies in financial services have long been used to increase the geographic market of the financial service provider. Remote access technologies in financial services have long been used to increase the geographic market of the financial service provider. Hannan and McDowell (1990) showed that banks adopted ATMs in order to expand their market share or protect their market against those banks that offered ATMs. Similar arguments have been made about other forms of remote banking technologies by Bouckaert and Degryse (1995), and Degryse (1996). Financial service customers are getting further away from the providers of those services. Petersen and Rajan (2002) found that small business lending, which has been the specialty of local relationship lenders, has been moving further from their customers over time, due in part to remote banking technologies. Remote access technologies in financial services have long been used to increase the geographic market of the financial service provider. Remote access technologies in financial services have long been used to increase the geographic market of the financial service provider. Hannan and McDowell (1990) showed that banks adopted ATMs in order to expand their market share or protect their market against those banks that offered ATMs. Similar arguments have been made about other forms of remote banking technologies by Bouckaert and Degryse (1995), and Degryse (1996). According to the birch and young, they can use the internet to get new channels to reorganize the structure of the banks, they also planning to use electronic channels to be above retail banks. The new delivery channels can help to solve all the problems that the traditional Branches have, which are going to help to provide a lot of services and assistance which is to lead to the growth of electronic commerce. (Jayawardhena and foley) (2000). Referring to sulivan (2000) Furst (2000) that most of the traditional banks are not affected by the channels and they had a study between the existence of the internet baking and the profit that they make. Its acceptance is likewise great for example Sanmugam (2005) in his paper presents the side view of the Internet banking users in Malaysia based on a large-scale study. The large-scale survey was conducted in 2004 to examine selected individual characteristics of over 800 bank customers. He used a logistic model o estimate the probability of a bank customer adopting Internet banking. He suggested that his method is very basic and can help banks in gaining in-depth understanding of their internet banking customers. He also borrowed a leaf from Rogers (1995) in classifying innovation adopters into five broad categories i.e. Innovators, Early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Innovators are the first adopters, who are interested in technology itself and possess positive technology attitudes while early adopters are also fascinated by technology and are keen to take risks. Both early and late majority consist of mainly young working adults. And lastly the laggards we re found to be predominantly older people. He found out that there was a marginal effect made by social economic factors on the predicted probability of the typical adopter. Also, he found that among social economic environmental limitations, non-availability of Internet services in the rural areas is definitely a significant constraint, reducing the predicted. On the other hand, Bauer (2008) holds that the early adoption by customers of this technology was disappointing to most having this in mind; he resorted to examining the demand for remote access to banking accounts by consumers. He focuses mainly if not solely on the consumer perspective and sought to attain the main determining factor in deciding whether or not to use the internet banking facility. He used the micro-economic theory of consumer utility maximization to replica how consumers decide whether or not to use internet services provided by the banks. His findings reveal that when the technology is new, the traditional risk return models including variables allowing for heterogeneous risk add power in modeling the adoption decision. He stressed the importance of perceived risks in internet banking and claim that it is responsible for some of the hesitation to adopt. He also discovered that younger consumers are found to be early adopters only when they have relatively high lev els of risk tolerance. Ironically, older consumers are found to be less likely to adopt internet banking regardless of their risk tolerances. Also, Maugis et al (2004) examined the pre-e-learning period of internet banking. They sought to measure the significance and extent of e-readiness data from banks from ten (10) countries. They develop a conceptual framework for the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"next generation e-readiness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" focusing on different e-Business applications in different economic contexts with potentially different pathways. in concluding, they made the following propositions: (i) different countries (or economies) are characterized by diverse e-Readiness profiles or inclinations distinct by their individual access and capacity setting; (ii) given the range and diversity of characteristics, there may well be a wide array of variables that shape propensities for both admittance and capacity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a propos some opportunity; (iii) such propensities facilitate the pursuit of precise applications within the broad opportunity context that a country may have at any moment. Frame and Silber (2004, 2009) Silber (1983) the reason that the banks entered this field was because its going to help them and make their work easier. They also managed to offer a service which gone help to deposit and hold accounts and other staff and another service to reduce depositors to help them to compete with other banks. They had been trying to get new deposits so they made a new web service to help them and make their transaction easier and successful. They tried to put all the information about the new market shares to update their customers with every new thing and that have been done with most of the new banks. The rapid growth of the internet indicates that greater competitive pressure contributes to the adoption of Internet banking. They been trying to make banking market more open which they gone make the use of the internet banking more important, the more they used the internet it reduce the interest deposits, there was also a study that they are planning to make everything with technology such as PCs and other staff for people. Some still say otherwise about internet banking (Pavlou, 2003  ; Rotchanakitumnai and Speece, 2003) as the basic model of  «Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  TAM  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ » was extended in many studies by others factors as trust, perceived risks, awareness about Internet Banking, perceived costs. Through these studies, some obstacles to the adoption and the usage of Internet Banking were identified such as the lack of security the human contact, perceived risks Moreover, in order to identify the profile of Internet Banking user, a number of researchers have found that comparing to non users; users rated Internet Banking as being easier, more useful, more trustworthy Also comparing to non users, users are less concerned with human contact, security, perceived risks. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1: Introduction This chapter explains the design and methodology of this research. It begins by identifying this researchs theoretical model, and then followed by a brief discussion on the theoretical framework of the research study. The dependent variable is performance while the independent variables are; security, convenience and speed, trust and awareness of E-banking. The dependent and independent variables will be discussed under the theoretical framework. The second part of this chapter will be the hypotheses developments which are based on the variables. 2: Theoretical Framework Based on the conceptual framework below, it can be seen that there is a total of 4 independent variables which will be analyzed towards one dependent variable in this study. The dependent variable which is, performance of E-banking would be affected in a positive or negative manner based on the independent variables influence. Performance of E-banking Awareness of E-banking Trust Convenience and speed Security 3: Hypothesis Development Dependent variable Performance of E-banking: This deals with the performance measurements for Internet banking and how different people perceive its importance, usefulness and its impacts either negative or positive. Independent variables Security: With the growth of electronic banking have come new forms of security risks which often make users of the this new way of banking H1= Security positively influences performance of E-banking. Convenience and speed: H3= Convenience and speed positively influences performance of E-banking. Trust: H4= Trust positively influences performance of E-banking. Awareness of e-banking: H5= Awareness of e-banking positively influences performance of E-banking. Sampling method We used convenience sampling as our sampling method. Convenience sampling refers to the collect information from the members of the population who were conveniently accessible and available to provide it. For us it was quiet an effective and quick method, most importantly the best as we could attain information from the members of the population swiftly. We used questionnaire method to collect data from our respondents. Sample size The sample size we selected is around 250, we choose this quantity because we felt it was the best and was suitable for the population this is so because in research it has been stated that a sample size between the range larger than 30 and less than 500 is appropriate. The smaller the group size, the harder it is to be certain that the normal curve assumptions have not been violated (Todman and Dugard, 2001). We felt the sample we have elected is a valid and reliable one to carry out and base our investigation on. Sharon K. Ninness (2002) stated this in their research that Roscoe and Siegel and Castellan suggest that in the absence of an unambiguous demarcation between large-n and small-n studies, there is a commonly held assumption among parametric statisticians. Data Collection Method Our data collection methods are two in number. We used both questionnaires and interview to get our data. The questionnaires were distributed to e-banking users in order to get their own rating of the performance of e-banking, while the interview was to ascertain the bankers view of their system. Thus we collected and used primary data. Summary This chapter of the research is basically about the methodology of the project as a whole, it starts off with identifying the theoretical framework model, then a briefly discusses the theoretical framework of the research. The independent and dependent variables have been discussed and elaborated under the theoretical framework, then followed by the development of hypothesis for this research study. Other aspects that make the methodology successful have been also talked about.